00:12 Copper's a micronutrient that we've learned quite a bit about in the last couple years. Really, it, you always kind of knew about 'em, 00:20 but these micronutrients, um, were really beginning to focus on 'em and learn more. So copper's probably up there. 00:27 I always like to think of copper as a defensive micronutrient, so it helps plant and its defense state, uh, immune system, so to speak. 00:42 The better copper you have in the plant, the better the plant typically has for its own immune system. 00:47 So it's important in the conversion of CO2 into O2 or oxygen, so to speak. So in that chemical reaction, 00:56 when you split apart the CO2 to get the carbon, the plant wants to create energy. It uses copper as last time to move that electron transfer 01:07 to O2, so it releases oxygen back into the atmosphere. So kind of a little nuance to copper, but that's one of the little ones. 01:14 It's also important in lignin formation, like we talked about in manganese, helps with cell wall strength. 01:19 And when we got a good cell wall strength in a plant, it's like our skin, like a tougher skin. We have, the harder things are to penetrate it. 01:27 So the, the pests we deal with, the diseases, uh, the bugs. So if we have good copper content, we have strong cells, 01:36 the harder it is for those bugs to penetrate those cell walls and do the damage they do. So coppers in that realm is very important to us. 01:45 Uh, as a plant health aspect, we use a lot of fungicides, uh, to fight and insecticides. 01:51 And what we're trying to learn is, is can we use copper as a natural defense mechanism and use less of those synthetic, uh, fungicides 02:00 and insecticides to help have a better, healthier crop?